Unfamiliar faces do not have stored representations in memory, thus the spacing effect for these stimuli would be a result of perceptual priming.
22.
Shaughnessy interprets it as evidence that no single explanatory mechanism can be used to account for the various manifestations of the spacing effect.
23.
For instance, the spacing effect dictates that it is not an effective advertising strategy to present the same commercial back-to-back ( massed repetition ).
24.
Mammarella, Russo, & Avons ( 2002 ) also demonstrated that changing the orientation of faces between repeated presentations served to eliminate the spacing effect.
25.
Russo et al . ( 1998 ) proposed that with cued memory of unfamiliar stimuli, a short-term perceptually-based repetition priming mechanism supports the spacing effect.
26.
The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time.
27.
The result was interesting because other studies using only twice-presented items have shown a strong spacing effect, although the lag between learning and testing was longer.
28.
In clinical settings, using word lists, the spacing effect has proven effective with populations of people with memory deficits, including people with amnesia, multiple sclerosis, and TBI.
29.
Cornoldi and Longoni ( 1977 ) have even found a significant spacing effect in a forced-choice recognition memory task when nonsense shapes were used as target stimuli.
30.
From this explanation of the spacing effect, it follows that this effect should not occur with nonsense stimuli that do not have a semantic representation in memory.
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