21. Another adaptation of " Pilobolus " is that the sporangium is covered in calcium oxalate crystals. 22. In water, chlamydospores germinate by producing short germ tubes, each with a sporangium at the tip. 23. Once the plant dies, more sporangium can form, release zoospores, and repeat the infection cycle. 24. In one specimen, two stomata were found immediately below the attachment of a sporangium to the stem. 25. In all seed plants, spores are produced by meiosis and develop into gametophytes while still inside the sporangium . 26. Further, the axis thickness is what would be expected if its sole role was to support a sporangium . 27. The transition to ovules continued with this megaspore being " boxed in " to its sporangium while it germinates. 28. This distinguishes polysporangiophytes from liverworts, mosses and hornworts, which have unbranched sporophytes each with a single sporangium . 29. Turgor pressure builds inside of the swelling until it ruptures, and the sporangium is hurled for 2 meters. 30. Nematodes have been observed climbing the sporangiophore or swimming inside of it to catch a ride on the sporangium .
