"' Ophidia "'( also known as "'Pan-Serpentes "') is a group of squamate reptiles including modern snakes and all reptiles more closely related to snakes than to other living groups of lizards.
22.
Some species have very generalised diets ( euryophagy ), but many taxa have narrow prey preferences ( stenophagy ) and correlated morphological specialisations, e . g . for feeding on other snakes, elongated burrowing lizards, squamate eggs, mammals, birds, frogs, fish, etc.
23.
It may or may not be a basal member of Iguania, a large clade of lizards that traditionally includes the iguanas and their close relatives, chameleons, and agamids : if it is an iguanian, " H . mixtecus " represents the earliest major offshoot of the squamate evolutionary tree.
24.
Unique characteristics ( autapomorphies ) of " Huehuecuetzpalli " include a long pair of premaxilla bones at the tip of the upper jaw that contributes to an elongated snout and the apparent retraction of the tarsal bone in the foot supports the hypothesis that " Huehuecuetzpalli " is a basal squamate.
25.
The phylogenetic character sets from his 1984 and 1986 works, the 1988 amniote paper, and the 1988 lepidosaur and squamate papers still form the core of essentially all gross-anatomy-based phylogenetic analyses of these groups, and as such are among the most highly cited papers in amniote morphology and paleobiology.
26.
It includes " Heloderma ", as well as several extinct genera, such as " Estesia " and " Gobiderma ", but it was found to be polyphyletic in the most recent and complete squamate phylogenetic analysis by Reeder " et al . " ( 2015 ).
27.
Longrich, Bhullar and Gauthier ( 2012 ) conducted a morphological analysis of squamate relationships using a modified version of the matrix from the analysis of Gauthier " et al . " ( 2012 ); they found the phylogenetic position of the clade containing mosasaurs and their closest relatives within Squamata to be highly unstable, with the clade " variously being recovered outside Scleroglossa ( as in Gauthier " et al . ", 2012 ) or alongside the limbless forms ".
28.
""'Hoyalacerta " "'is an extinct genus of lizard known from the type species " "'Hoyalacerta sanzi " "', which is from the Early Cretaceous Las Hoyas fossil site in Spain . " Hoyalacerta " was named in 1999 and is considered either a member of the group Iguania or a stem squamate, meaning that it lies outside the squamate crown group that includes all living lizards and snakes . " Hoyalacerta " is a small lizard with an elongated body and short limbs.
29.
""'Hoyalacerta " "'is an extinct genus of lizard known from the type species " "'Hoyalacerta sanzi " "', which is from the Early Cretaceous Las Hoyas fossil site in Spain . " Hoyalacerta " was named in 1999 and is considered either a member of the group Iguania or a stem squamate, meaning that it lies outside the squamate crown group that includes all living lizards and snakes . " Hoyalacerta " is a small lizard with an elongated body and short limbs.
30.
Other scientists have stated that the suggestion of venom glands " . . . has had the effect of underestimating the variety of complex roles played by oral secretions in the biology of reptiles, produced a very narrow view of oral secretions and resulted in misinterpretation of reptilian evolution ", " . . . reptilian oral secretions contribute to many biological roles other than to quickly dispatch prey ", and " [ c ] alling all in this clade venomous implies an overall potential danger that does not exist, misleads in the assessment of medical risks, and confuses the biological assessment of squamate biochemical systems ".
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