21. Thus, the resultant Yukawa-Tsuno effective substituent constant is given by: 22. I would say in a substituted compound, a substituent can be hydrogen. 23. Again, the substituent groups are ordered alphabetically. 24. A bulky substituent prefers equatorial positions, which are more distant from other substituents. 25. However, when the organic substituent is very large, the diphosphene becomes stable. 26. In general, cyanide is an electronegative substituent . 27. The clearest experimental evidence against electrostatic substituent effects was reported by Rashkin and Waters. 28. Houk and Wheeler's computational model of substituent direct interactions in pi stacking. 29. Step-wise mechanism of the Fukuyama Indole Synthesis starting with the alkenylthioanilide substituent . 30. This is most likely due to the bulky bromine substituent on the side chain.
