21. It is formed from GABA by the action of GABA transaminase and further oxidised to become succinic acid , which enters TCA cycle. 22. These organisms use the excretion of acetic acid ( and sometimes formic acid ) to balance the NADH requirement of succinic acid production. 23. The neutral nickel succinate NiC 4 H 2 O 4 ?H 2 O, can be made from succinic acid and nickel carbonate. 24. Tartaric is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid . 25. Malic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, shikimic acid and traces of succinic acid were detected. 26. Manufacturers also commonly convert the phenol form of the vitamins ( with a free hydroxyl group ) to esters, using acetic or succinic acid . 27. Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid . 28. This implies that the theoretical maximum yield is such that more succinic acid is formed than glucose consumed due to the fixation of carbon dioxide. 29. "' Succinic acid "'is most commonly found in wine, but can also be present in trace amounts in ripened grapes. 30. The combination of succinic acid with one molecule of ethanol will create the ester mono-ethyl succinate responsible for a mild, fruit aroma in wines.
