21. Incorporating this value into the surface energy equation allows for the surface energy to be estimated. 22. This was proposed as a way to measure the surface energy of molecules in surface chemistry. 23. Incorporating this value into the surface energy equation allows for the surface energy to be estimated. 24. The measured crack length determines surface energy \ gamma in relation to a rectangular, beam-shaped specimen. 25. This occurs because some surface orientations are more stable than others ( lower surface energy ). 26. All materials have an inherent surface energy . 27. The surface reflectance of incoming solar radiation is important for the surface energy balance ( SEB ). 28. Surface energy can be estimated by contact angle measurements using a version of the Young Laplace equation:29. The Zisman theory is mostly used for low energy surfaces and characterizes only the total surface energy . 30. However, this equation cannot be used to determine the surface energy of a solid surface by itself.
