21. Different interpretations of electron tomography imaging of thylakoid membranes has resulted in two models for grana structure. 22. The experiment consisted of creating a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in the dark. 23. An immediate increase in ATP synthesis accompanied the dissipation of the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane. 24. Photolytic oxygen evolution occurs in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms and requires the energy of four photons. 25. The thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacteria are not differentiated into granum and stroma regions as observed in plants. 26. Oleic acid is formed from this reaction is transported to either the thylakoid or cytoplasm to complete desaturation. 27. At the molecular level, this is linked to disrupting the thylakoid membranes on chloroplasts involved in photosynthesis. 28. In normal green chloroplasts, the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid . 29. For a long time, the three-dimensional structure of the thylakoid system has been unknown or disputed. 30. In the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes.
