Within this movement of the piston up the bore, controlled combustion of the mixture takes place and the maximum pressure occurs just after top dead centre, with the pressure diminishing as the piston travels down the bore . i . e . the cylinder volume in relation to the cylinder pressure-time generation remains essentially constant over the combustion cycle.
22.
When a crank moves 90 degrees from the top dead centre ( TDC ) in a single cylinder engine positioned upright, the bigend up-down position is exactly at the half-way point in the stroke, but the conrod is at the most tilted position at this time, and this tilt angle makes the small-end position to be lower than the half-way point in its stroke.
23.
This was probably to reduce manufacturing costs, as there is no other obvious benefit of doing this . ( Thomas Aveling realised that, for a traction engine, it would be better to position the flywheel within reach of the driver in case he carelessly allowed the crank to stop on top dead centre ( where it could not self-start ) and most other traction engine manufacturers followed this same idea .)
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