The proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon is perfused by the middle colic artery, a branch of the superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ), while the latter third is supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery ( IMA ).
22.
In some small mammals, the colon is straight, as it is in other tetrapods, but, in the majority of mammalian species, it is divided into ascending and descending portions; a distinct transverse colon is typically present only in primates.
23.
In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.
24.
The final branch which is important for the digestive system is the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the hindgut, which includes the distal 1 / 3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the pectinate line.
25.
The next branch from the abdominal aorta is the superior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the midgut, which includes the distal 2 / 3 of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal 2 / 3 of the transverse colon.
26.
It passes upward, opposite the colic valve, to the under surface of the right lobe of the liver, on the right of the gall-bladder, where it is lodged in a shallow depression, the colic impression; here it bends abruptly forward and to the left, forming the right colic flexure ( hepatic ) where it becomes the transverse colon.
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