21. Reptiles and more primitive synapsids have olfactory turbinates that are involved in sensing smell rather than preventing desiccation. 22. The possibility has also been raised that these ridges are associated with an olfactory epithelium rather than turbinates . 23. The hypanthium of this species is turbinate and is one of the distinguishing characteristics used to identify it. 24. The solid, imperforate shell has a depressed-turbinate shape with a diameter greater than the altitude. 25. In cases that do not resolve, or for treatment of deviated septum, turbinate surgery may be required. 26. Olfactory turbinates are found in all living tetrapods, and respiratory turbinates are found in most mammals and birds. 27. Olfactory turbinates are found in all living tetrapods, and respiratory turbinates are found in most mammals and birds. 28. In 2014 Jason Bourke and others in " Anatomical Record " reported finding nasal turbinates in pachycephalosaurs. 29. In 1927 Heetderks spoke about the alternating turgescence of the inferior turbinates in 80 % of a normal population. 30. So far, not one of the dinosaur skulls that Ruben has examined shows any signs of a turbinate ridge.
