21. It is a vasoconstrictor with a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membrane. 22. Thromboxane A2 is also a known vasoconstrictor and is especially important during tissue injury and inflammation. 23. There are also synthesis and secretion of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances for modifying the width as necessary. 24. Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide produced by endothelial cells that has both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator properties. 25. Anhydrous aluminium sulfate is the main ingredient and acts as a vasoconstrictor in order to disable blood flow. 26. High threshold, NPY-positive neurons are vasoconstrictor neurons, which innervate the iris and pineal gland. 27. A similar strong vasoconstrictor action of endothelin-1 was demonstrated in a peripheral neuropathy model in rats. 28. Vasoconstrictor nose sprays may also help _ but only if taken for a day or two and then discontinued.29. The major disadvantages of this use are cocaine's intense vasoconstrictor activity and the potential for cardiovascular toxicity. 30. Thrombin, a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen, is implicated as a major factor in vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
