21. In addition, the legislature established white primaries , ensuring that minorities were excluded from the formal political process. 22. In 1944 in " Smith v . Allwright ", the Supreme Court ruled against the white primary . 23. They also instituted a white primary . 24. During the early 1940s he participated in voter-registration drives and raised funds for lawsuits against the white primary . 25. The United States Supreme Court heard three Texas cases related to white primaries in 1927, 1932, and 1935. 26. In the post-Reconstruction era, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the poll tax and white primary . 27. White primaries were not struck down by the Supreme Court until " Smith v . Allwright " in 1944.28. In 1944, the Supreme Court case ruled against the Texas white primary system in " Smith v . Allwright ". 29. White primaries were another means that the Democrats used to consolidate their political power, excluding blacks from voting in primaries.30. The Court addressed the white primary system in a series of decisions later known as the " Texas primary cases ".
