21. What year were Zener cards invented? 22. The constant Zener voltage is applied across the base of Q1 and emitter resistor, R2. 23. This method is most effective for Zener diodes rated at 5.6 V or more. 24. Zener zap is frequently employed in mixed-signal circuits for trimming values of analog components.25. The zener acts as a voltage regulator stabilising the reference voltage against supply and load variations. 26. The main thrust of Zener 's work over the next ten years concerned ESP tests. 27. Zener 's later work focused on theories of perception and the analysis of perceptual experience.28. In the first arm a Zener diode clips out the signal in excess of 1 volt. 29. One commonly used algorithm that is appropriate for calibrations of Zener reference standards is described here. 30. Zener diodes in this configuration are often used as stable references for more advanced voltage regulator circuits.
