Rare or unusual gemstones, generally meant to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are scarcely known except to connoisseurs, include andalusite, axinite, cassiterite, clinohumite and red beryl.
32.
Rusakov discovered the following mining fields : Kounrad ( copper ), Semizbugskoe ( corundum, andalusite ) Karagaylinskoye ( lead, barite ), Kairaktinsky ( asbestos, barite, base metals ) and other mineral deposits.
33.
Elbaite forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks and veins in association with lepidolite, microcline, and spodumene in granite pegmatites; with andalusite and biotite in schist; and with molybdenite and cassiterite in massive hydrothermal replacement deposits.
34.
There are several theories regarding the formation of the chiastolite cross, however the most widely accepted theory, proposed by Frondel in 1934, suggests that there is a selective attachment of impurities at the rapidly growing corners of andalusite crystals.
35.
Andalusite has the second aluminium in five-fold coordination ( Al [ 6 ] Al [ 5 ] SiO 5 ) and sillimanite has it in four-fold coordination ( Al [ 6 ] Al [ 4 ] SiO 5 ).
36.
The remaining Al 3 + can be in six-fold coordination ( kyanite ), five-fold ( andalusite ) or four-fold ( sillimanite ); which mineral forms in a given environment is depend on pressure and temperature conditions.
37.
In Archibald Geikie's words, " they consist in large proportion of altered sedimentary strata, now found in the form of mica-schist, graphite-schist, andalusite-schist, phyllite, schistose grit, greywacke and thrusting.
38.
Andalusite, kyanite, and sillimanite are naturally occurring aluminosilicate minerals that have the composition polymorphs is located at a temperature of 500 �C and a pressure of 0.4 GPa . These three minerals are commonly used as index minerals in metamorphic rocks.
39.
It is further agreed that the purchasing company be approached to pay to the said producing contractor, the respondent, R20 per ton on his share of the andalusite and the balance to be paid to the owner of the mineral ( the applicant ).
40.
Another example are the aluminosilicates kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite ( polymorphs, as they share the formula Al 2 SiO 5 ), which differ by the coordination number of the Al 3 +; these minerals transition from one another as a response to changes in pressure and temperature.
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