Nevertheless, the subject of whether or not " S . apella " learns by imitation is still controversial, because of the inherent difficulty in teasing out unambiguous evidence of a complex cognitive process such as imitation.
32.
Tufted capuchins ( " Cebus apella " ) rub various parts of their body with carpenter ants ( " Camponotus ru�pes " ) or allow the ants to crawl over them, in a behaviour called anting.
33.
Gregory Westergaard and Stephen Suomi from the Laboratory of Comparative Ethology at the National Institutes of Health Animal Center in Maryland have found that when given the raw materials, captive tufted capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) model clay into odd-shaped objects.
34.
In Spartan government, the political power was divided between four bodies : two Spartan Kings ( diarchy ), gerousia ( " Council of Gerontes " ( Elders ), including the two kings ), the ephors ( representatives of the citizens who oversaw the Kings ) and the apella ( assembly of Spartans ).
35.
According to the Greek biographer Plutarch ( writing roughly 700 years after the Spartan king ), Polydorus and his co-king Theopompus changed the constitution of Sparta so that the Kings and the Gerousia ( 28 chosen men above the age of 60 ) could veto decisions made by the Spartan Apella ( the male citizen body ).
36.
A study on the association of alpha males and females during the non-breeding season in wild Capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella nigritus ) examined whether alpha males are the preferred mate for females and, secondly, whether female-alpha status and relationship to the alpha-male can be explained through the individual characteristics and or social network of the female.
37.
In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al . proposed that the robust capuchins such ( formerly the " C . apella " group ) be placed in a separate genus, " Sapajus ", from the gracile capuchins ( formerly the " C . capucinus " group ), which retain the genus " Cebus ".
38.
Primates found in the reserve include the mottle-faced tamarin ( Saguinus inustus ), squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ), tufted capuchin ( Sapajus apella ), white-fronted capuchin ( Cebus albifrons ), collared titi ( Callicebus torquatus ), Venezuelan red howler ( Alouatta seniculus ), golden-backed uakari ( Cacajao melanocephalus ) and Spix's night monkey ( Aotus vociferans ).
39.
Aristotle criticises the Spartans in his " Politics " : the helots keep rebelling; the Spartan women are luxurious; the magistrates ( and especially the ephors ) are irresponsible; reaching decisions by the loudest yell in the apella is silly; the wealth of the citizens is unequal ( so that too many are losing the resources necessary to be a citizen and a hoplite ); and the Spartiates let each other evade taxes, so the city is poor and the individual citizens are greedy.
40.
In his research, Brendan was concerned to allow monkeys long-term learning opportunities comparable to that available for children, and so his subsequent work with Cebus apella was a long and staged programme in which the monkeys were trained to seriate by size and classify by shape and colour up to 12 objects on a touch screen a level of ordering competence that only emerges in human development at around 6 / 7 years of age and had never before been demonstrated in a non-human species.
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