31. In apomixis , the process that halves the number of chromosomes in a female cell prior to fertilization is bypassed. 32. Apomixis can also happen in a seed, producing a seed that contains an embryo genetically identical to the parent.33. Apomixis ( asexual reproduction from non-fertilized seeds ) appeared common in " P . orientalis ".34. Some authors included all forms of asexual reproduction within apomixis , but that generalization of the term has since died out. 35. These include plants that reproduce vegetatively by runners or bulbils, or which produce seeds without embryo fertilization ( apomixis ). 36. This bacterium causes functional apomixis in the mites, so that a female produces only offspring that are identical to her. 37. But apomixis could also represent a threat to the seed companies, changing the balance of power between the companies and farmers. 38. "Apomixis is a winner from all perspectives, " says Brian Johnson, an adviser of the British government. 39. Elsewhere, John Carman of Utah State University in Logan claims to have found a way of introducing apomixis without genetic engineering. 40. Apomixis and parthenogenesis, types of asexual reproduction, also result in true breeding, although the organisms are usually not homozygous.
