This was accomplished by the measuring the radioactivity through autoradiography of the individual protein bands phosphorylated by radioactive ATP, which is radio-labelled with P-32 at the gamma phosphate.
32.
The first indirect use of thymidine kinase in biochemical research was the identification of dividing cells by incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine and subsequent measurement of the radioactivity or autoradiography to identify the dividing cells.
33.
"' AFLP-PCR "'or just "'AFLP "'is a gels, either through autoradiography or fluorescence methodologies, or via automated capillary sequencing instruments.
34.
To visualize the fragments, the gel is exposed to X-ray film for autoradiography, yielding a series of dark bands each corresponding to a radiolabeled DNA fragment, from which the sequence may be inferred.
35.
After developing the blot using xray or autoradiography, the results can be analyzed and interpreted to determine the approximate size and concentration of the RNA binding protein ( s ) of interest to further study the protein ( s ).
36.
Despite these advances, it was not until Ardhendu Mukherjee and W . Beermann performed more advanced autoradiography experiments in 1965 that scientists could confirm that transcription of genes in the single male X chromosome was double that observed in the two female X chromosomes.
37.
Then, the probe that was labeled with either radio-, fluorescent-or antigen-labeled bases ( e . g ., digoxigenin ) is localized and quantified in the tissue using either autoradiography, fluorescence microscopy, or immunohistochemistry, respectively.
38.
Unfortunately, Leblond s first attempt to use autoradiography failed, the reason being that the radioiodine-128 isotope, with its extremely short half-life ( 25 minutes ), disintegrated so quickly that too little radioactivity remained to be detected by the photographic emulsion.
39.
More commonly, autoradiography is used to visualize the locations to which a radioactive substance has been transported within the body, such as cells in S phase ( undergoing DNA replication ) which incorporate tritiated thymidine, or sites to which radiolabeled nucleic acid probes bind in in situ hybridization.
40.
Many cancers have elevated glucose uptake and hexokinase levels . 2-Deoxyglucose labeled with tritium or carbon-14 has been a popular ligand for laboratory research in animal models, where distribution is assessed by tissue-slicing followed by autoradiography, sometimes in tandem with either conventional or electron microscopy.
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