If the sum of the input signals into one neuron surpasses a certain threshold, the neuron sends an action potential ( AP ) at the axon hillock and transmits this electrical signal along the axon.
32.
The axon hillock also functions as a tight junction, since it acts as a barrier for lateral diffusion of transmembrane proteins, GPI anchored proteins such as thy1, and lipids embedded in the plasma membrane.
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While it's unclear if TRPC3 channels have equal expression, other members of the TRPC family have been localized to the axon hillock, cell body, and dendritic processes of dopamine-expressing cells.
34.
The triggering is due to positive feedback between highly crowded voltage-gated sodium channels, which are present at the critical density at the axon hillock ( and nodes of ranvier ) but not in the soma.
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The genetic deletion of ankyrin-G from multiple neuron types has shown that ankyrin-G is required for the normal clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axon hillock and for action potential firing.
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Within the axon hillock, materials are sorted as either items that will enter the axon ( like the components of the cytoskeletal architecture of the axon, mitochondria, etc . ) or will remain in the soma.
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Once the action potential is initiated ( traditionally at the axon hillock ), it will propagate along the axon, leading to release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic bouton to pass along information to yet another adjacent neuron.
38.
Summation is the convergence of many EPSPs at the axon hillock ( either from a single neuron firing at a high frequency or from many neurons firing at once ) that depolarizes the membrane potential to the point of threshold.
39.
The integration of various dendritic signals at the axon hillock and its thresholding to form a complex train of action potentials is another form of computation, one that has been exploited biologically to form central pattern generators and mimicked in artificial neural networks.
40.
These electrical signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, and, if the total of excitatory influences exceeds that of the inhibitory influences, the neuron will generate a new action potential at its axon hillock, thus transmitting the information to yet another cell.
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