Approximately 200 million years ago stretching of the Earth s crust allowed basaltic magma to travel up from the upper mantle and inject as sills into a series of shale formations of the Newark Basin.
32.
This discovery led to a slightly more complicated version of the previous hypothesis : Large amounts of basaltic magma form a magma chamber at the base of the crust, and, while crystallizing, assimilating large amounts of crust.
33.
One proposed explanation for flood basalts is that they are caused by the combination of continental rifting and its associated decompression melting, in conjunction with a mantle plume also undergoing decompression melting, producing vast quantities of a tholeiitic basaltic magma.
34.
The current belief is that the generation of andesitic magmas is multistage, and involves crustal melting and assimilation of primary basaltic magmas, magma storage at the base of the crust ( underplating by dense, mafic magma as it ascends ), and magma homogenization.
35.
The trachyte and comendic magmas erupted from Hoodoo Mountain and other Northern Cordilleran volcanoes are thought to have been created by fractionation of primary alkali basaltic magma in crustal reservoirs . and at least six phases of eruptive activity are recognized at the volcano.
36.
The eruptions from the Bowie hotspot are effusive eruptions because basaltic magma is relatively fluid compared with magmas typically involved in more explosive eruptions, such as the andesitic magmas that produce some of the spectacular and dangerous eruptions around the margins of the Pacific Ocean.
37.
The majority of eruptions in Hawaii are Hawaiian-type eruptions because basaltic magma is relatively fluid compared with magmas typically involved in more explosive eruptions, such as the andesitic magmas that produce some of the spectacular and dangerous eruptions around the margins of the Pacific basin.
38.
The Midcontinent Rift is the largest-known hot spot of basaltic magma underneath the Lake Superior region; it extruded layers of lava up to thick and extending up to on either side of the rift . The deposited lava along the North Shore of Lake Superior is thick.
39.
However, at least one researcher has cogently argued, on the basis of geochemical data, that the mantle's role in production of anorthosites must actually be very limited : the mantle provides only the impetus ( heat ) for crustal melting, and a small amount of partial melt in the form of basaltic magma.
40.
These extremely rapid, large scale eruptions of basaltic magmas have periodically formed continental flood basalt provinces on land and oceanic plateaus in the ocean basins, such as the Deccan Traps, the Siberian Traps the Karoo / Ferrar flood basalts of Gondwana, and the largest known continental flood basalt, the Central Atlantic magmatic province ( CAMP ).
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