Franz Boas ( 1858-1942 ), Bronislaw Malinowski ( 1858 1942 ), Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead ( 1901-1978 ), were a group of researchers from United States who contributed the idea of cultural relativism to the literature.
32.
Bronislaw Malinowski used the concept of function to address questions of individual psychological needs; A . R . Radcliffe-Brown, in contrast, looked for the function ( purpose ) of the institution or custom in preserving or maintaining society as a whole.
33.
Its origins as a sub-field of anthropology begin with the Polish-British founder of anthropology, Bronislaw Malinowski, and his French compatriot, Marcel Mauss, on the nature of gift-giving exchange ( or reciprocity is an implicit part of gifting; no " free gift " is given without expectation of reciprocity.
34.
The son, Flora Marjorie ( later Mrs W . E . Bassett ), published in 1940, " The Governor's Lady ", and another daughter, Elsie Rosaline ( d . 1935 ), who married the distinguished anthropologist, Bronislaw Malinowski, was also a writer; she published " An Untamed Territory " in 1915.
35.
She was designated as an honorary life member of the Alaska Anthropology Association and was recognized for her contributions to Alaskan anthropology with a lifetime achievement award in 1993 and was the recipient of the Society for Applied Anthropology's Bronislaw Malinowski Award in 1987 which she was given in recognition of the years she spent applying anthropology to help people through her work in public service.
36.
Hortense Powdermaker, for example, a contemporary of Mead's who studied with British anthropological pioneer Bronislaw Malinowski conducted political research projects in a number of then a-typical settings : reproduction and women in Melanesia ( Powdermaker 1933 ), race in the American South ( Powdermaker 1939 ), gender and production in Hollywood ( 1950 ), and class-gender-race intersectionality in the African Copper Belt ( Powdermaker 1962 ).
37.
Despite being subsequently sidelined by BronisBaw Malinowski, and the new paradigm of functionalism within anthropology, Haddon was profoundly influential mentoring and supporting various anthropologists conducted then nascent fieldwork : A . R . Brown in the Andaman Islands ( 1906 08 ), Gunnar Landtman on Kiwai in now Papua New Guinea ( 1910 12 ), Diamond Jenness ( 1911 12 ), R . R . Marrett's student at Oxford University, as well as John Layard on Malakula, Vanuatu ( 1914 15 ), and to have Bronislaw Malinowski stationed in Mailu and later the Trobriand Islands during WWI . Haddon actively gave advice to missionaries, government officers, traders and anthropologists; collecting in return information about New Guinea and elsewhere.
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