Assistant practitioners can perform a wide range of skills once they have received training such as : phlebotomy, cannulation, holistic needs assessment, urinary catheterisation, chemotherapy side effects and symptom assessment, delivering radiotherapy, performing X-rays, medication administration and deliver patient information.
32.
However, newborns cannot be placed on ECMO if they are under 4.5 pounds ( 2 kg ), because they have extremely small vessels for cannulation, thus hindering adequate flow because of limitations from cannula size and subsequent higher resistance to blood flow ( compare with vascular resistance ).
33.
After some searching I found : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which says : " Newborns cannot be placed on ECMO if they are under 4.5 pounds ( 2 kg ), because they have extremely small vessels for cannulation, thus hindering adequate flow because of limitations from cannula size and subsequent higher resistance to blood flow ".
34.
When comparing'in-hours'( 40 % ) to'out-off-hours'cannulation ( 60 % ), there were no significant differences in central nervous system complications, haemorrhage ( extra-cranial ), cannula repositioning, conversion from venovenous to venoarterial, mortality on ECLS, or survival-to-discharge.
35.
In nasopharyngeal cannulation ( or placement of the nasopharyngeal airway or tube ), the infant is fitted with a blunt-tipped length of surgical tubing ( or an endotracheal tube fitted to the child ), which is placed under direct visualization with a laryngoscope, being inserted into the nose and down the pharynx ( or throat ), ending just above the vocal cords.
36.
All of the above plus manual defibrillation, synchronised cardioversion, IV cannulation, IV fluid administration, IV glucose, morphine, fentanyl, naloxone, ondansetron, adrenaline ( IV ) for cardiac arrest, amiodarone ( IV ) for cardiac arrest, ceftriaxone, naloxone, midazolam ( IM ) for seizures, oxytocin, ceftriaxone, clopidogrel, lignocaine ( SC ) for ring blocks
37.
The radial artery may also be used for cannulation; this approach offers several advantages, including the accessibility of the artery in most patients, the easy control of bleeding even in anticoagulated patients, the enhancement of comfort because patients are capable of sitting up and walking immediately following the procedure, and the near absence of clinically significant sequelae in patients with a normal Allen test.
38.
Finally, invasive procedures completed by the cardiothoracic anesthesiology fellows include but are not limited to arterial line placement ( femoral, axillary, brachial, radial ), central venous cannulation ( internal juggular, femoral, subclavian ), pulmonary artery catheter placement, transvenous pacemaker placement, thoracic epidural analgesia, fiberoptic endotracheal tube placement, 2D / 3D transesophageal echocardiography, intraspinal drainage placement, and advanced ultrasound guidance of vascular access.
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