For instance, in the iron-carbon system, the austenite phase can undergo a eutectoid transformation to produce ferrite and cementite, often in lamellar structures such as pearlite and bainite.
32.
If the steel is cooled slowly the transformation will agree with the equilibrium predictions and pearlite will dominate the microstructure with some fraction of proeutectoid ferrite or cementite depending on the chemical composition.
33.
HSLA steels are also more resistant to rust than most carbon steels because of their lack of pearlite the fine layers of ferrite ( almost pure iron ) and cementite in pearlite.
34.
In fact, the lamellar appearance is misleading since the individual lamellae within a colony are connected in three dimensions; a single colony is therefore an interpenetrating bicrystal of ferrite and cementite.
35.
In contrast to pearlite, where the ferrite and cementite grow cooperatively, bainite forms by the transformation of carbon-supersaturated ferrite with the subsequent diffusion of carbon and the precipitation of carbides.
36.
Most alloying elements ( solutes ) have the benefit of not only increasing hardness, but also lowering both the martensite start temperature and the temperature at which austenite transforms into ferrite and cementite.
37.
In the second stage, occurring between and, the retained austenite transforms into a form of lower-bainite containing ?-carbon rather than cementite ( archaically referred to as " troostite " ).
38.
Ledeburite-II ( at ambient temperature ) is composed of cementite-I with recrystallized secondary cementite ( which separates from austenite as the metal cools ) and ( with slow cooling ) of pearlite.
39.
Ledeburite-II ( at ambient temperature ) is composed of cementite-I with recrystallized secondary cementite ( which separates from austenite as the metal cools ) and ( with slow cooling ) of pearlite.
40.
One way for carbon to leave the austenite is for it to precipitate out of solution as cementite, leaving behind a surrounding phase of BCC iron called ferrite with a small percentage of carbon in solution.
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