31. However, the charge carriers typically occur in much smaller numbers than in a real metal. 32. No conventional dielectric material could prevent charge carrier breakthrough. 33. The article Electric current explains the r�le of electrons as the charge carriers in metals. 34. The most common charge carriers are the positively charged proton and the negatively charged electron. 35. The lowest available exciton energy separation occurs when the charge carriers are localized in the shell. 36. The trapped charge carriers can be released by heating; their recombination is the cause of thermoluminescence. 37. The charge carrier exchanges energy with one of the polar optical modes of the crystal lattice. 38. Charge carriers ( such as thermally excited electrons ) constantly diffuse around inside a conductive material.39. In an avalanche photodiode the original charge carrier is created by the absorption of a photon. 40. The n and p type designations indicate which charge carrier acts as the material's majority carrier.
