Rarefaction techniques are used to quantify species diversity of newly studied ecosystems, including human microbiomes, as well as in applied studies in community ecology, such as understanding pollution impacts on communities and other management applications.
32.
Noda, T . ( 2004 ) . " Spatial hierarchical approach in community ecology : a way beyond high context-dependency and low predictability in local phenomena . " Population Ecology 46 ( 2 ) : 105-117.
33.
In addition to population and community ecology, articles on biogeochemistry, ecosystems, microbial ecology, physiological plant ecology, climate change, molecular genetics, mycorrhizal ecology, and the interactions between plants and organisms such as animals or bacteria, are published regularly.
34.
In 2010, a Symposium was held in his honour by the Ecological Society of America said that " Connell s observations, insights, syntheses, and example have motivated education and research in population and community ecology for over six decades ".
35.
Other fields may use different terminology : e . g . in community ecology, the term " classification " normally refers to cluster analysis, i . e . a type of unsupervised learning, rather than the supervised learning described in this article.
36.
John J . Battles, an associate professor of forest community ecology at the University of California at Berkeley, travels across the country every two years to check on 60 plots of trees that he has measured and analyzed since the mid-1980s, at the height of the forest's death cycle.
37.
In 1991, Van Remsen published the monograph " Community Ecology of Neotropical Kingfishers ", and in 1997 produced the monograph " Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker " " Ornithological Monographs " " No . 48 : 1-917 ), a collection of 51 peer-reviewed papers honoring his best friend Ted Parker after his untimely death.
38.
Carr became a bit of a legend at the University of Florida and students vied with one another to take his Community Ecology course in which they were involved in several major and minor field trips around northern Florida and southern Ocala or his comments as he guided students through the Okefenokee Swamp in canoes was considered a great privilege.
39.
Rigorously testing these criteria necessitates a synthetic approach, combining areas of research like community ecology, functional morphology, adaptation, quantitative genetics and phylogenetic systematics ( Dayan and Simberloff 2005 ), While satisfying all six criteria in a single study of character displacement is not often feasible, they provide the necessary context for research of character displacement ( Losos 2000, Dayan and Simberloff 2005 ).
40.
Among his important work are the Stress Gradient Hypothesis ( Bertness and intertidal communities elucidating the roles of biotic interaction across intertidal gradients ( Bertness and Hacker 1994, Bertness et al . 1999, Bertness 1999 ), his pioneering of experimental community ecology in salt marsh ecosystems and his work on apex predator depletion causing die-offs in salt marshes due to the release of herbivores from predator control
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