The phenotypic gambit refers to the simplifying assumption that complex traits, such as behavioural traits, can be modelled as if they were controlled by single distinct alleles, representing alternate strategies.
32.
While there are many thousands of single-gene-locus traits, so-called complex traits are due to the additive effects of many ( often hundreds ) of small gene effects.
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Currently, Blount is further investigating how complex traits evolve, how novel traits impact ecology, and how speciation occurs in asexual populations based on models proposed by Fredrick Cohan of Wesleyan University.
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Many traits are not discrete features ( e . g . purple or white flowers ) but are instead continuous features ( e . g . human height and complex traits are products of many genes.
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The evolutionary biologist Jerry Coyne commented as a critique of creationism, saying, " the thing I like most is it says you can get these complex traits evolving by a combination of unlikely events.
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Joanna Mountain and Neil Risch cautioned that while genetic clusters may one day be shown to correspond to phenotypic variations between groups, such assumptions were premature as the relationship between genes and complex traits remains poorly understood.
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In a meta-analysis of twin studies, twelve out of fourteen were found to support the fact that from a genetic perspective, schizophrenia is a complex trait that depends on both genetic and environmental factors.
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Characterization of these phenotypes and the genes responsible for them, has relied on a combination of molecular techniques typically used to characterizing simple, monogenic disease, and statistical methods, typically used to characterize complex traits.
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A decade ago, experts declared there was a gene for dyslexia on chromosome 15 but, Cardon said, like many studies involving complex traits, as more families were added to the study, the finding did not hold up.
40.
The reports are accompanied by an editorial that tells biologists how to discriminate between a real finding in the complex field of complex traits, and an experimental coincidence no more meaningful than, say, flipping five heads in a row.
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