31. F is the Fermi coupling constant . 32. In classical field theory, such as gauge theory in four-dimensional spacetime, the coupling constant is a dimensionless constant. 33. Because the magnitude of interaction is the same the splitting would have the same coupling constant 7 Hz apart. 34. There is a remarkable infrared fixed point of the coupling constants that determine the masses of very heavy quarks. 35. They also argued that in asymptotically free theories the dynamically generated masses never depend analytically on the coupling constants . 36. The strong force is extremely nonlinear : the gluons have color charge and the coupling constant is very large. 37. Hence a " dependence of a certain coupling constant ( here, the electric charge ) with distance scale ". 38. A renormalization scale must be introduced in the process, and the coupling constant and mass become dependent upon it. 39. The strength with which the particles of this theory interact is measured by a number called the coupling constant . 40. For the latter two cases, the scale of the interaction is such as the strong coupling constant is large.
