31. Even to formulate such equations requires a fresh notion, the covariant derivative. 32. The covariant exterior derivative as defined over supermanifolds needs to be super graded. 33. Where is the momentum as a covariant spinor operator. 34. The covariant derivative defined with the spin connection is, 35. Covariant reciprocity is shown to begin in fourth grade.36. According to Kretschmann, any theory can be put in generally covariant form. 37. The covariant derivative is a generalization of the directional derivative from vector calculus. 38. Many more mechanisms are available for coping with idiosyncratic shocks than covariant shocks. 39. The above differential equation can be rewritten in terms of the covariant derivative as 40. covariant or contravariant using keywords out and in respectively.