A problem with using reverberatory furnaces for cupellation is that the zinc oxidizes first, forming a crust across the top of the molten material.
32.
The earlier process of " cupellation " had required at least 8 ounces ( 250 grams ) of silver per ton of lead to be economic.
33.
As the main purpose of small scale cupellation was to assay and test minerals and metals, the matter to be tested has to be carefully weighed.
34.
Georg Agricola and Lazarus Ercker, among others, wrote about the art of mining and testing the ores, as well as detailed descriptions of cupellation.
35.
The use of cupellation, a process developed before the rise of Rome, would extract copper from gold and silver, or an alloy called electrum.
36.
Similar to the Anglo-Saxon method for cupellation, the Chinese employed the use of a base metal to extract the target metal from its impurities.
37.
The metals are then melted at high temperature ( greater than 1100 �C ) in the crucible while air is blown over the molten metal ( cupellation ).
38.
Cupellation started long before the Post Medieval period, however the first vessels made to carry out this process started in the 16th Century ( Rehren 2003 : p208 ).
39.
Prior to the development of the BBOC, BRM used cupellation in a 15 tonne ( t ) reverberatory cupellation furnace to recover the precious metals from this mixture.
40.
Prior to the development of the BBOC, BRM used cupellation in a 15 tonne ( t ) reverberatory cupellation furnace to recover the precious metals from this mixture.
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