31. Examples are improved planning ability, and improved deductive reasoning . 32. The syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning in which two statements reach a logical conclusion. 33. While Avicenna often relied on deductive reasoning in philosophy, he used a different approach in medicine. 34. Fluid reasoning includes inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning . 35. But the path to reasonably mature thought and relatively sophisticated deductive reasoning is long and gradual. 36. Decision theory is a method of deductive reasoning based on formal probability and deductive reasoning models. 37. Decision theory is a method of deductive reasoning based on formal probability and deductive reasoning models. 38. Besides scriptural authority, Jains also resorted to syllogism and deductive reasoning to refute the creationist theories. 39. Classically, foundationalism had posited infallibility of basic beliefs and deductive reasoning between beliefs a strong foundationalism. 40. It is rational and reasoned, but is not arrived at only by means of deductive reasoning .