Tyska said potential causes of adverse reactions could occur at any point in the process because of inadequate water treatment and quality, contaminated dialysate concentrate, machine malfunction, clogged blood lines and needles, and the medication administered before and during the process.
32.
During calibration with the no-net-flux-method, the microdialysis probe is perfused with at least four different concentrations of the analyte of interest ( Cin ) and steady-state concentrations of the analyte leaving the probe are measured in the dialysate ( Cout ).
33.
The concentrations of solutes ( for example potassium, phosphorus, and urea ) are undesirably high in the blood, but low or absent in the dialysis solution, and constant replacement of the dialysate ensures that the concentration of undesired solutes is kept low on this side of the membrane.
34.
Still, it is not certain that the symptoms currently associated with uremia are actually caused by excess urea, as one study showed that uremic symptoms were relieved by initiation of dialysis, even when urea was added to the dialysate to maintain the blood urea nitrogen level at approximately 90 mg per deciliter ( that is, approximately 32 mmol per liter ).
35.
After 4-6 h of the dwell, the glucose osmotic gradient usually becomes too low to allow for further osmotic UF . Therefore, the dialysate will now be reabsorbed from the peritoneal cavity to the capillaries by means of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure in the peritoneum by approximately 18-20 mmHg ( cf . the Starling mechanism ).
36.
The PureFlow uses a deionization process to create a 60, 50 or 40 liter batch of dialysate depending on the SAK ( bag of dialysate concentrate ) specified by the MD . A batch has a 96-hour shelf life and is usually used for two or three treatments, although some patients are using the entire 60, 50 or 40 liter batch for a single extended treatment.
37.
The PureFlow uses a deionization process to create a 60, 50 or 40 liter batch of dialysate depending on the SAK ( bag of dialysate concentrate ) specified by the MD . A batch has a 96-hour shelf life and is usually used for two or three treatments, although some patients are using the entire 60, 50 or 40 liter batch for a single extended treatment.
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