31. The Acavomonidia are closer to the dinoflagellate / perkinsid group than the Colponemidia are. 32. The main phytoplankton present are diatoms and dinoflagellates which are abundant in the sediment. 33. Extrusomes found in dinoflagellates are important in the formation of red and black tides. 34. Dinoflagellates may use bioluminescence for defence against predators.35. Dinoflagellates produce red tides, which can devastate fish populations and intoxicate oyster harvests.36. It is caused by the ambush predator dinoflagellate " Pfiesteria piscicida ". 37. Predatory dinoflagellates can kill their prey by releasing toxins or phagocytize small prey directly. 38. These are benthic dinoflagellate and found in sediments. 39. Nobody had seen that before in dinoflagellates . 40. Some free-living dinoflagellates do not have chloroplasts, but host a phototrophic endosymbiont.
