Montmorillonite is a subclass of smectite, a 2 : 1 phyllosilicate mineral characterized as having greater than 50 % octahedral charge; its cation exchange capacity is due to isomorphous substitution of Mg for Al in the central alumina plane.
32.
It is the surface area to volume ratio ( specific surface area ) of soil particles and the unbalanced ionic charges within those that determine their role in the fertility of soil, as measured by its cation exchange capacity.
33.
In contrast to equivalent weight, conventional ion-exchange resins are usually described in terms of their ion exchange capacity ( IEC ), which is the multiplicative inverse or reciprocal of the equivalent weight, i . e ., IEC = 1 / EW.
34.
With a joint venture established on the North Atlantic route and most cost benefits achieved, KLM Cargo is now in the process of exchanging capacity with Northwest and is considering merging its sales forces with its U . S . partner.
35.
This work was key to identifying the principle of cation exchange capacity and facilitating William Albrecht's later work on the Base Cation Saturation Ratio ( BCSR ), which is a method of interpreting soil test results that is now widely used in sustainable agriculture.
36.
Properties include having an argic horizon, which has a specific cation exchange capacity; a predominantly alic properties zone between 250mm and 1000 mm from the soil surface; and no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric, umbric, albic, andic, ferric, nitic, plinthic or vertic horizon.
37.
Once the litterfall has settled, decomposition of the litter layer, accomplished through the leaching of nutrients by rainfall and throughfall and by the efforts of detritivores, releases the breakdown products into the soil below and therefore contributes to the cation exchange capacity of the soil.
38.
The rates of application of borate to produce an adequate alfalfa crop range from 15 pounds per acre for a sandy-silt, acidic soil of low organic matter, to 60 pounds per acre for a soil with high organic matter, high cation exchange capacity and high pH.
39.
Since the diffusion coefficient of OH " ions is twice less than that of H + ( in bulk water ), a higher concentration of OH " ions is needed to achieve similar results, which in turn needs higher ion exchange capacity of the polymer.
40.
He and fellow investigators found that the soils macaws choose to consume at the clay licks do not have higher levels of cation-exchange capacity ( ability to absorb toxins ) than that of unused areas of the clay licks and thus the parrots could not be using the clay to neutralize ingested food toxins.
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