31. This current can also be expressed in terms of the LDOS near the Fermi level of the sample at the tip surface, 32. Thus, dI / dV diverges as V approaches 0, preventing investigation of the local electronic structure near the Fermi level . 33. So only electrons within a limited wavelength range near the Fermi level are scattered resulting in a density modulation around the impurity like 34. A material whose Fermi level falls in a gap between bands is an insulator or semiconductor depending on the size of the bandgap. 35. This covalent aryl bond forms with extremely high affinity for electrons with energies near the Fermi level , E f of the nanotube. 36. Where is the Fermi level , is the minimum energy of the conduction band, and is a concentration coefficient that depends on temperature. 37. For the case of electrons in a semiconductor,, the point of symmetry, is typically called the Fermi level or electrochemical potential. 38. The Fermi level of the gate metal is matched to the pinning point, which is 1.2 eV below the conduction band. 39. As bias increase, the valence band of the p-side gets pulled down, and so did the hole quasi Fermi level . 40. Particularly, the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes are uniformly split through the cell and the split equals the applied voltage.
