31. Add the bourbon, lemon zest, and a few gratings of nutmeg to taste. 32. This removes much of the surface scattering effects typically seen in other types of gratings . 33. Gratings lose power into the other orders while prisms lose power due to Rayleigh scattering.34. Fiber Bragg gratings can then be used as direct sensing elements for strain and temperature. 35. Gratings diffract each energy or wavelength present in the incoming radiation in a different direction.36. Linear encoders may use transmissive ( glass ) or reflective scales, employing phase gratings . 37. The influence of the embedding process was studied for silica and polymer fiber Bragg gratings . 38. Rough surfaces can be thought of as the superposition of many gratings of different periodicities. 39. Fully rigorous electromagnetic solutions exist for gratings , which tends to involve heavy mathematical formulism. 40. In fossil ostracods, the diffraction gratings were slightly more primitive but served the same purpose.
