It also inhibits the nicking-closing activity on the subunit of DNA gyrase that releases the positive binding stress on the supercoiled DNA.
32.
Topoisomerases such as DNA gyrase ( Type II Topoisomerase ) play a role in relieving some of the stress during DNA / RNA synthesis.
33.
DNA gyrase preliminary role is to introduce negative super coils into DNA, thereby relaxing positive supercoils that come into play during DNA replication.
34.
The target of CcdB is the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, an essential type II topoisomerase in " Escherichia coli ".
35.
For many gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase is the target, whereas topoisomerase IV is the target for many gram-positive bacteria.
36.
Finally, mutations at key sites in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV can decrease their binding affinity to quinolones, decreasing the drugs'effectiveness.
37.
In addition, drug-resistant bacteria often have a point mutation in gyrase ( Serine79Alanine in E . coli ) that renders quinolones ineffective.
38.
Other mechanisms include de novo synthesis of a coumarin-resistant gyrase B subunit by the novobiocin producer " S . sphaeroides ".
39.
For many Gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase is the target, whereas topoisomerase IV is the target for many Gram-positive bacteria.
40.
Finally, mutations at key sites in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV can decrease their binding affinity to quinolones, decreasing the drug's effectiveness.
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