31. The mouth parts, like that of all hemipterans , have stylets used for penetration into plants and sucking. 32. In response, hemipterans have evolved antipredator adaptations . " Ranatra " may feign death ( thanatosis ). 33. This is usually effective against smaller insect predators such as ants, but not larger ones, such as hemipterans . 34. Both herbivorous and predatory hemipterans inject enzymes to begin digestion extraorally ( before the food is taken into the body ). 35. Flies of the group Muscomorpha have puparia, as do members of the order Strepsiptera, and the Hemipteran family Aleyrodidae. 36. The closest relatives of hemipterans are the thrips and lice, which collectively form the " hemipteroid assemblage " within the Exopterygota. 37. Unlike modern sucking insects, such as the Hemipterans , the mouthparts were held vertically below the head, or projected forwards. 38. The size of the colony and the number of nests seemed to depend on the number of hemipterans in the territorial area. 39. The only option to use the 1868 name for the hemipteran taxon is to get the 1858 name officially suppressed by the Commission. 40. The relationship between hemipterans and plants appears to be ancient, with piercing and sucking of plants evident in the Early Devonian period.
