Exposure is usually controlled by changing the lens aperture ( the amount of light it gathers ), the shutter speed ( how long light is gathered ) or sensitivity ( how strongly the film or sensor responds to light ).
32.
The reflector cannot be larger than the lens aperture, and thus all the radiated light that is neither redirected forward by the spherical reflector behind the bulb nor emitted directly through the lens is absorbed by the casing as waste heat.
33.
Like the contemporary Nikkormat FTN ( see above ), the EL mounted all rabbit ear Nikkor lenses with a double twist of the lens aperture ring and its viewfinder had a choice of Type J or Type A fixed focusing screens.
34.
AI Nikkor lenses had an external " meter coupling ridge " cam on the lens aperture ring that pushed on an external " meter coupling lever " on a ring surrounding the FT3's lens mount flange to transfer lens set aperture information.
35.
Instead of the photographer picking a shutter speed to freeze or blur motion and choosing a lens aperture f-stop to control depth of field ( focus ), the A-1 has a microprocessor programmed to automatically select a compromise exposure based on light meter input.
36.
In aperture priority mode, a steadily lit LED indicated the shutter speed automatically set by the electronic microprocessor in response to the light reaching the built-in, open aperture, through-the-lens ( TTL ), centre-weighted gallium arsenide phosphide photodiode ( GPD ) light meter and the set lens aperture.
37.
And you'll probably never read something like this in another movie review : It's impossible to overemphasize the importance of the contributions of HD technician Stefan Ciupek, who controlled the video color balance and amount of light that came through the lens aperture, and focus-puller Andre Schneider.
38.
Its controls were transitional between those of mechanical SLRs and future professional film and digital SLRs : the F4's electronics, LCD viewfinder display, autofocus, programmed auto-exposure, and matrix meter looked to the future, but it also retained classic dedicated analog dials for shutter speed, lens aperture, metering pattern, and exposure compensation.
39.
Lens aperture diffraction also limits MTF . Whilst reducing the aperture of a lens usually reduces aberrations and hence improves the flatness of the MTF, there is an optimum aperture for any lens and image sensor size beyond which smaller apertures reduce resolution because of diffraction, which spreads light across the image sensor.
40.
Light coming from a point in the object diffracts through the lens aperture such that it forms a diffraction pattern in the image which has a central spot and surrounding bright rings, separated by dark nulls; this pattern is known as an Airy pattern, and the central bright lobe as an Airy disk.
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