Additional benefits include reduction and optimisation in the amount of external management interactions, which is key to the minimization of manual interaction and the sustaining of manageability of large networked systems and moving from a managed object paradigm to one of management by objective.
32.
In this way, managers can focus on the " what " rather than the " how . " " Management by Objective works-- if you know the objective, " Drucker wrote, however, he also concluded that " Ninety percent of the time you don't ."
33.
The commission made recommendations such as an increase in the salaries of public servants, civil servants training, a unified and integrated administrative structure, elimination of waste and removal of inefficient departments and introduction of an efficient civil service on the basis of management by objective.
34.
Management by Objective at its core is the process of employers / supervisors attempting to manage their subordinates by introducing a set of specific goals that both the employee and the company strive to achieve in the near future, and working to meet those goals accordingly.
35.
As could be expected, Wikipedia's bureaucratic growth has risen faster than the original goal as an encyclopedia, which would have written articles about the problems of bureaucracy, such as : ageing bureaucracy, reorg, division of command, duplication of effort, department rivalry, or even Management by Objective.
36.
Performance management and management by objectives ( MBO ) are supported in a highly scalable manner by an open, machine-readable standard like StratML, thereby enabling the realization of network effects as well as interoperability among proliferating stovepipe " dashboards " reporting performance indicators to various stakeholder groups.
37.
As an example of the influence of management buy-in as a contextual influencer, in a 1991 comprehensive review of thirty years of research on the impact of Management by Objectives, Robert Rodgers and John Hunter concluded that companies whose CEOs demonstrated high commitment to MBO showed, on average, a 56 % gain in productivity.
38.
Feinstein said she believes in McCaffrey's proposed " management by objective " approach, adding that she used " MBO " during her tenure as mayor of San Francisco, from 1978 to 1989, to measure progress on goals she had set, such as filling potholes and reducing the time it takes police to respond to crimes.
39.
Next, empirical results on three leadership approaches are summarized that differ in the degree of autonomy of the team members : Electronic monitoring as an attempt to realize directive leadership over distance, management by objectives ( MBO ) as an example for delegative leadership principles, and self-managing teams as an example for rather autonomous teamwork.
40.
According to George S . Odiorne, the system of management by objectives can be described as a process whereby the superior and subordinate jointly identify common goals, define each individual's major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him or her, and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members.
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