31. The serrated portion was coated with a mixture of ground glass, manganese dioxide , and potassium chlorate. 32. Manganese dioxide is a hard, black crystalline substance.33. Because it was used in glassmaking, manganese dioxide was available for experiments by alchemists, the first chemists. 34. For instance, potassium permanganate decomposes at 230 �C to potassium manganate and manganese dioxide , releasing oxygen gas: 35. Alternatively oxidation of manganese sulfate with potassium permanganate yields the so-called chemical manganese dioxide ( CMD ). 36. Most tantalum capacitors are available as surface-mount devices with a solid manganese dioxide or solid polymer electrolyte. 37. The most notable driers are litharge, sugar of lead, patent driers, sulfate of zinc and manganese dioxide . 38. Representation of the production flow of tantalum electrolytic capacitors with sintered anode and solid manganese dioxide electrolyte 39. Types with solid manganese dioxide electrolyte have served in the past as a " tantalum replacement ". 40. The electrolyte used in SAL capacitors is a solid state oxide semiconductor, manganese dioxide ( MnO2 ).
