31. Malignant cells from solid tumors or leukemia samples can also be used for cytogenetic analysis to generate metaphase preparations. 32. Until the preovulatory stage, the follicle contains a primary oocyte that is arrested in prophase of metaphase II. 33. The spindle checkpoint system is a regulatory system that restrains progression through the metaphase -to-anaphase transition. 34. During mitosis, there are four stages of cell division : Prophase, Metaphase , Anaphase, and Telophase. 35. During S phase, the chromosome gets replicated, resulting in an X-shaped structure called a metaphase chromosome. 36. This occurs near the middle of mitosis ( specifically metaphase ), so mitosis must be stopped before it completes. 37. The ICSI procedure is carried out on mature metaphase -II oocytes and fertilization is assessed 16 18 hours after. 38. At least one chiasma per chromosome often appears to be necessary to stabilise bivalents along the metaphase plate during separation. 39. Moreover, survivin has been shown to localize to components of the mitotic spindle during metaphase and anaphase of mitosis. 40. The removal of ORC could serve to eliminate the pre-replicative complex formation prior to the completion of metaphase .
