31. The systematic name of this enzyme class is "'nicotinamide -nucleotide phosphoribohydrolase " '. 32. Circular permutation can occur as the result of evolutionary events, posttranslational modifications, or nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenases. 33. Nicotinamide increases the biosynthesis of ceramides in human keratinocytes in vitro and improves the epidermal permeability barrier in vivo.34. In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. 35. The balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is called the NAD / NADH ratio. 36. An example of this are the dehydrogenases that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD + ) as a cofactor. 37. The recycling process is dependent on the transfer of electrons from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH ) to ferredoxin. 38. Thus, the two products are aquacob ( III ) alamin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and hydrogen ion. 39. The 3 products are 4-( dimethylamino ) azobenzene, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and hydrogen ion. 40. GALE tightly binds nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD + ), a co-factor required for catalytic activity.