Although cost estimates of unbuilt projects are always dubious, and the specifications are not identical ( conventional telescopes have lower noise temperature, but the ATA has a larger field of view, for example ), the ATA has potential promise as a much cheaper radio telescope technology for a given effective aperture.
32.
In heterodyne systems, output noise power includes spurious contributions from image-frequency transformation, but the portion attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature includes only that which appears in the output via the principal frequency transformation of the system and excludes that which appears via the image frequency transformation.
33.
The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K . This is a common way of expressing the noise contributed by a radio frequency amplifier regardless of the amplifier's gain.
34.
The noise power at the output of the amplifier ( i . e . the noise power coupled to an impedance-matched load that is connected to the amplifier output ) is " P out = Gk B ( T R + T amp ) B ", where " G " is the amplifier power gain and " T amp " is the amplifier noise temperature.
35.
Then there will be little degradation of the SNR . On the other hand a good satellite dish looking through the atmosphere into space ( so that it sees a much lower noise temperature ) would have the SNR of a signal degraded by " more " than 6 dB . In those cases a reference to the amplifier's noise temperature itself, rather than the noise figure defined according to room temperature, is more appropriate.
36.
Then there will be little degradation of the SNR . On the other hand a good satellite dish looking through the atmosphere into space ( so that it sees a much lower noise temperature ) would have the SNR of a signal degraded by " more " than 6 dB . In those cases a reference to the amplifier's noise temperature itself, rather than the noise figure defined according to room temperature, is more appropriate.
37.
For instance, assume an amplifier has a noise temperature 870 K and thus a noise figure of 6 dB . If that amplifier is used to amplify a source having a noise temperature of about room temperature ( 290 K ), as many sources do, then the insertion of that amplifier would reduce the SNR of a signal by 6 dB . This simple relationship is frequently applicable where the source's noise is of thermal origin since a passive transducer will often have a noise temperature similar to 290 K.
38.
For instance, assume an amplifier has a noise temperature 870 K and thus a noise figure of 6 dB . If that amplifier is used to amplify a source having a noise temperature of about room temperature ( 290 K ), as many sources do, then the insertion of that amplifier would reduce the SNR of a signal by 6 dB . This simple relationship is frequently applicable where the source's noise is of thermal origin since a passive transducer will often have a noise temperature similar to 290 K.
39.
For instance, assume an amplifier has a noise temperature 870 K and thus a noise figure of 6 dB . If that amplifier is used to amplify a source having a noise temperature of about room temperature ( 290 K ), as many sources do, then the insertion of that amplifier would reduce the SNR of a signal by 6 dB . This simple relationship is frequently applicable where the source's noise is of thermal origin since a passive transducer will often have a noise temperature similar to 290 K.
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