Concentrated versions were available . " Opium Camphorated, for U . S . P . Tincture : Liquid No . 338 " was " exactly " 8 times the strength of Tincture Opium Camphorated ( Paregoric ) " [ italics in original ], U . S . P ., " " designed for preparing the tincture by direct dilution, " and cost $ 7 per pint.
32.
For example, in the United Kingdom the formula for Paregoric, B . P . is tincture of opium 5 ml, benzoic acid 500 mg, camphor 300 mg, anise oil 0.3 ml, alcohol ( 60 % ) to 100 ml, and contains about 1 / 30th grain of anhydrous morphine in 60 minims, which is 25 % stronger than Paregoric, U . S . P.
33.
For example, in the United Kingdom the formula for Paregoric, B . P . is tincture of opium 5 ml, benzoic acid 500 mg, camphor 300 mg, anise oil 0.3 ml, alcohol ( 60 % ) to 100 ml, and contains about 1 / 30th grain of anhydrous morphine in 60 minims, which is 25 % stronger than Paregoric, U . S . P.
34.
For example, one formula for " Camphorated Tincture of Opium ( Paregoric Elixir ) " attributed to the " United States Pharmacoepia of 1863 " is : " Macerate 1 drachm each powdered opium and benzoic acid, 1 fluid drachm of anise, 2 ounces clarified honey, and 2 scruples camphor, in 2 pints diluted alcohol for 7 days, and filter through paper . " A slightly different formula is given in the 1926 pharmacoepia.
35.
Codeine is probably Robiquet's most important contribution, that prevails still today with a very strong presence and impact on daily life; in effect, until the beginning of the 19th century, raw opium was used in diverse preparations known as laudanum ( see Thomas de Quincey's " Confessions of an English Opium-Eater " ), paregoric elixirs ( a number of them, very popular in England since the beginning of the 18th century ), and health or even death hazards to users from improper preparation or improper use were frequent.
36.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, raw opium was used in diverse preparations known as laudanum ( see Thomas de Quincey's " Confessions of an English Opium-Eater ", 1821 ) and paregoric elixirs, a number of which were popular in England since the beginning of the 18th century; the original preparation seems to have been elaborated in Leiden, the Netherlands around 1715 by a chemist named Lemort; in 1721 the London Pharmocopeia mentions an Elixir Asthmaticum, replaced by the term Elixir Paregoricum ( " pain soother " ) in 1746.
37.
Two formulas, one for paregoric and another for a similar medication, taken from an 1870 publication, are, for Paregoric : " " Best opium 1 / 2 dr ., dissolve it in about 2 tablespoons of boiling water; then add benzoic acid 1 / 2 dr .; oil of anise 1 / 2 a fluid dr .; clarified honey 1 oz .; camphor gum 1 scruple; alcohol, 76 percent, 11 fluid ozs .; distilled water 4-1 / 2 fluid ozs .; macerate, ( keep warm, ) for two weeks.
38.
Two formulas, one for paregoric and another for a similar medication, taken from an 1870 publication, are, for Paregoric : " " Best opium 1 / 2 dr ., dissolve it in about 2 tablespoons of boiling water; then add benzoic acid 1 / 2 dr .; oil of anise 1 / 2 a fluid dr .; clarified honey 1 oz .; camphor gum 1 scruple; alcohol, 76 percent, 11 fluid ozs .; distilled water 4-1 / 2 fluid ozs .; macerate, ( keep warm, ) for two weeks.
39.
A minim is always a sixtieth part of a fluidrachm regardless of the character of the substance, while a drop varies from a forty-fifth to a two-hundred-and-fiftieth part, according to the surface tension of the fluid . " Tincture of Opium ( Laudanum ) and Camphorated Tincture of Opium ( Paregoric ) each have 50.9 drops per gram; 50.0 drops per cc; 185.0 drops per fluid drachm; and 3.10 drops per minim . " The importance of these distinctions is evident in view of the dangers of erroneously relying upon more general descriptions of Apothecaries'fluid measures, which typically list 60 minims per fluid dram, and 8 fluid drams per fluid ounce ( 480 minims ).
40.
A minim is always a sixtieth part of a fluid drachm regardless of the character of the substance, while a drop varies from a forty-fifth to a two-hundred-and-fiftieth part, according to the surface tension of the fluid . " Tincture of Opium ( Laudanum ) and Camphorated Tincture of Opium ( Paregoric ) each have 50.9 drops per gram; 50.0 drops per cc; 185.0 drops per fluid drachm; and 3.10 drops per minim . " The importance of these distinctions is evident in view of the dangers of erroneously relying upon more general descriptions of Apothecaries'fluid measures, which typically list 60 minims per fluid dram, and 8 fluid drams per fluid ounce ( 480 minims ).
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