In the case of a noncollimated beam incident on a wedged shear plate, the path difference between the two reflected wavefronts is increased or decreased from the case of perfect collimation depending on the sign of the curvature.
32.
By performing the radar mapping at two separated times ( before and after an event ) over the same area, the terrain shift will be shown as different phase due to path difference in the radar echo returned.
33.
The light from a source located at the top edge of the slit interferes destructively with a source located at the middle of the slit, when the path difference between them is equal to " ? " / 2.
34.
It was shown experimentally in 1972 that in a double-slit system where only one slit was open at any time, interference was nonetheless observed provided the path difference was such that the detected photon could have come from either slit.
35.
If the light travelling at an angle from each slit has a path difference of one wavelength with respect to the adjacent slit, all these waves will add together, so that the maximum intensity of the diffracted light is obtained when:
36.
This is the case because when the angle of scattering changes such that the relative path difference between light scattered from the centre of the illuminated area compared with light scattered from the edge of the illuminated changes by ?, the intensity becomes uncorrelated.
37.
If phase is plotted versus wavenumber, the slope of the function corresponds to the relative change in group-velocity optical path difference D G by D h = D G / 2n G where n G is group-velocity index of refraction.
38.
Thus, as the spacing between the mirrors is adjusted, the observed light intensity cycles between reinforcement and cancellation as the number of wavelengths of path difference changes, and the observed intensity alternately peaks ( bright sun ) and dims ( dark clouds ).
39.
The two beams meet at the plane of the third crystal ( A ), which is sometimes called, the analyzer crystal, and create an interference pattern the form of which depends on the optical path difference between the two beams caused by the sample.
40.
Although the birefringence ? " n " may vary slightly due to dispersion, this is negligible compared to the variation in phase difference according to the wavelength of the light due to the fixed path difference ( ? 0 in the denominator in the above equation ).
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