The heat necessary for the dilution is the useful cooling power of the refrigerator, as the process of moving the 3 He through the phase boundary is endothermic and removes heat from the mixing chamber environment.
32.
At elevated temperature, the free energy associated with the anti-phase boundary ( APB ) is considerably reduced if it lies on a particular plane, which by coincidence is not a permitted slip plane.
33.
The solutions may be gels or colloids as well as solutions of electrolytes, and as such the phase boundary between gels, or a gel and a liquid, can also act as a selective barrier.
34.
Also, the term " phase " is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram.
35.
When going from the liquid to the gaseous phase, one usually crosses the phase boundary, but it is possible to choose a path that never crosses the boundary by going to the right of the critical point.
36.
The commonly known phases " solid ", " liquid " and " vapor " are separated by phase boundaries, i . e . pressure-temperature combinations where two phases can coexist.
37.
The absence of such phase boundaries and the ability of the high phosphorus EN film to form a passive film on its surface, make it an excellent choice for protection on aluminum and steel substrates in highly corrosive, acidic environments.
38.
The pressure and temperature of core are on the order of 1500 3500 kbar and 3000 ?1000 �C . An extrapolation of the austenite-hexaferrum phase boundary in Figure 1 suggests hexaferrum might be stable or metastable in Earth s core.
39.
Finite pointset methods are meshfree methods and therefore are easily adapted to domains with complex and / or time-evolving geometries and moving phase boundaries ( such as a liquid splashing into a container, or the elastic or plastic deformations, etc.
40.
Different compositions are used for different applications; for memory applications, PZT closer in composition to lead titanate is preferred, whereas piezoelectric applications make use of the diverging piezoelectric coefficients associated with the morphotropic phase boundary that is found close to the 50 / 50 composition.
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