But at last year's World Nordic ski championships in Lahti, Finland, six Finnish skiers were caught using a plasma volume expander that drug testers say can be used to mask erythropoietin ( EPO ).
32.
Although BioTime Inc . has lost $ 11 million since its founding seven years ago and has spent only $ 6 million developing its plasma volume expander, investors have valued the company at $ 243 million.
33.
The skiers had intravenously taken HES, a banned plasma volume expander, possibly to hide the use of erythropoetin ( EPO ), a performance-enhancing substance which builds endurance by boosting the production of oxygen-rich red blood cells.
34.
The total activity in the region of interest, \ mathrm { ROI } ( t ), is a combination of radioactivities from all compartments plus a plasma volume fraction ( V _ p ) and thus:
35.
On Feb . 15, the opening day of the meet, Jari Isometsa, who won silver in the pursuit, tested positive for hydroxyethyl starch, a plasma volume expander taken intravenously and normally used in hospitals to treat blood loss.
36.
The first is spin speed and bowl diameter, the second is " sit time " in centrifuge, the third is solutes added, and the fourth is not as easily controllable : plasma volume and cellular content of the donor.
37.
Chief ski coach Kari-Pekka Kyro, who was suspended with two other coaches implicated in the doping, said the skiers were given the plasma volume expander hydroxyethyl starch, or HES, although it had been banned last year by the International Olympic Committee.
38.
ADH binds to principal cells in the collecting duct that translocate aquaporins to the membrane, allowing water to leave the normally impermeable membrane and be reabsorbed into the body by the vasa recta, thus increasing the plasma volume of the body.
39.
The answer seems to be we can synthesize materials with many properties of plasma, but it's not plasma . / Plasma extender / and / plasma volume expander / are other key phrases . talk ) 18 : 39, 17 October 2014 ( UTC)
40.
This technique requires double labeling of the blood; that is 2 injections and 2 standards ( 51Cr-RBC for tagging red blood cells and I-HAS for tagging plasma volume ) as well as withdrawing and re-infusing patients with their own blood for blood volume analysis results.
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