31. Work is also being done in semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum wells , quantum wires and quantum dots. 32. Lasers containing more than one quantum well layer are known as " multiple quantum well " lasers. 33. He applied it to novel low noise quantum well avalanche photodiodes, heterojunction transistors, memory devices and lasers. 34. They have built their device out of electrons moving through a series of structures known as quantum wells . 35. To balance the loss of electrons from the quantum well , electrons are injected from the top emitter contact. 36. One type of RTDs is formed as a single quantum well structure surrounded by very thin layer barriers. 37. A layer of indium antimonide sandwiched between layers of aluminium indium antimonide can act as a quantum well . 38. Semiconductor quantum well EAM is widely used to modulate near-infrared ( NIR ) radiation at frequencies below 0.1THz. 39. Since RGC's QWIPTECH acquisition, Viaspace has had no stake in QWIPTECH nor holds any Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector patents. 40. To externally measure a photocurrent the electrons need to be extracted by applying an electric field to the quantum wells .
