31. The hydro-pneumatic recoil system comprises a buffer below the barrel and a recuperator above the barrel. 32. The Mk II of 1890 introduced a recoil system , with a pair of recoil / recuperator cylinders. 33. Recoil system consisted of hydraulic recoil buffer and hydropneumatic recuperator, both located inside the cradle under the barrel.34. The first thing Kilbourn had to fix was the lack of a workable recoil system for the 17-pounder. 35. Trunnions are close to the ground, as a result of placing the recoil system and cradle above the barrel. 36. Firing at higher angles was perfectly safe as the ground absorbed any residual recoil forces not absorbed by the recoil system . 37. The gun's hydrospring recoil system consisted of an oil cylinder on top of the barrel and two spring cylinders underneath. 38. The 155 mm 52 calibre ordnance and recoil system is of the companies well-proven type already used in its towed weapons. 39. The dual-recoil system consisted of a small tubular recoil under the barrel which in turn traveled in a traditional rectangular cradle. 40. This used the Armstrong gun, Vickers'recoil system , and Royal Ordnance Factory's sighting and elevating gear and ammunition carrying.
