31. Pupillary light reflexes are usually reduced but present; the slow phase mediated by melanopsin in retinal ganglion cells is retained. 32. Despite the fact that all are nerve cells, only the retinal ganglion cells and few amacrine cells create action potentials. 33. To date, it has been found in the central nervous system in inner ear hair cells and retinal ganglion cells. 34. 2 . " Glaucoma is a group of diseases of the optic nerve involving loss of retinal ganglion cells ". 35. Between these regions, mesopic vision comes into play and both rods and cones provide signals to the retinal ganglion cells. 36. The LGN receives information directly from the ascending retinal ganglion cells via the optic tract and from the reticular activating system. 37. Under naturalistic lighting conditions, responses to the rods and cones are superimposed on the melanopsin response of giant retinal ganglion cells. 38. The area near the top, labeled " Ganglionic layer ", contains retinal ganglion cells, a small percentage of which contain melanopsin. 39. A typical retinal ganglion cell presents a centre region with either excitation or inhibition and a surround region with the opposite sign. 40. This is a location with no photoreceptor cells, where the retinal ganglion cell axons that compose the optic nerve exit the retina.
