The aerial images were corrected for the estimated flare ( which would include any long-range secondary electron blur ).
32.
The high-pressure region around the sample in the ESEM neutralizes charge and provides an amplification of the secondary electron signal.
33.
As t increases, the voltage goes above the breakdown voltage and secondary electron-hole pairs are produced by impact ionization.
34.
Compared to an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high, allowing for imaging with currents as low as 1 femtoamp.
35.
The range of low-energy secondary electrons is sometimes larger than the range of primary photo-electrons or of Auger electrons.
36.
As runaway electrons gain energy from an electric field, they occasionally collide with atoms in the material, knocking off secondary electrons.
37.
The streak spectrogram confirms the existence of individual attosecond pulses, measures their length, and determines when a secondary electron is produced.
38.
For negative corona, instead, the dominant process generating secondary electrons is the photoelectric effect, from the surface of the electrode itself.
39.
In this case, the number of secondary electrons emitted per incident particle is called "'secondary emission yield " '.
40.
The impact of a single electron on the dynode releases a number of secondary electrons which are in turn accelerated to strike the second dynode.
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